Cart totals
| Subtotal | KSh353,477.00 |
|---|---|
| Shipment |
Shipping to Nairobi County. |
| Total | KSh353,876.00 |
You may be interested in…
Stop! Vermin Powder (100g)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)108 Reviews
Stop! Vermin Powder dust is a broad spectrum insecticides/acaricide dust for the control of safari ants, fleas and cockroaches.
Miratex Pellets Rat and Mice Killer Bait 240g
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Miratex is a rat poison used to kill all types of rats and mice both large and small in houses, granaries, and stores.
Biochem Bio-Pit 300g
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Bio-pit Prevents Pit Latrines, Septic Tanks & Drainage Systems from Fill Ups, Clears Blockage, Repels flies & Eliminates Bad Odor.
BlackGold-BFB 500g
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Blackgold-BFB is an organic fertilizer produced naturally by microbial degradation of dead biological substances. Its specific properties and structure depend on a given sample source, from water or soil, to extract the specific conditions.
Kerol (1lt)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Kerol is a strong disinfectant and should be used wherever a strong disinfectant is required at home, industry, public institution, farms, etc.
Kupacide Disinfectant (1lt)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Kupacide disinfectant is a potent, rapid and long acting disinfectant for general use in disinfections of premises and equipment to provide control of major pathogens.
Chlorine Dioxide | Disinfection Tablet 100g
Rated 0 out of 5
0 ReviewsChlorine Dioxide is internationally recognized as safe/High efficiency/Non-toxic disinfectant used to kill bacteria, fungus, virus, spores and other harmful microorganisms,
Agripest Organic 75EC 500ml
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Agripest Organic 75EC is a CONTACT Biopesticide. It requires thorough application on both the top and underside of the leaves to ensure that it comes into direct contact with the target pest to achieve the best results. The application rate is 3mls per liter of water.
Hi-Grow BFB 250g
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
HiGrow BFB is a consortium of organic inputs with plant growth promoters. It is a biological combination of a plant growth promoting herbal extracts and seaweed and a foliar feed fertilizer.
3 Ply Cartoon Kids Masks (50pcs)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
The 3 ply cartoon kids disposable masks for kids are adorable offer excellent protection and are super easy to pack for convenience, travel, and commuting.
Ariane (200ml)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
Ariane is a selective post-emergent herbicide recommended for the control of a wide variety of broad-leaf weeds in wheat, barley, oats.
Sanitary Bin Granules (1kg)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)288 Reviews
Sanitary bin granules are pleasantly fragranced, odour absorbing, and absorbs any liquids for use in sanitary or nappy bins.
Mos-N-Roach 100EC(20ml)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Mos-N-Roach 100EC is a public health insecticide/miticide for the control of flies, mosquitoes, bedbugs, fleas, houseflies, other crawling, and flying insects.
Diatomaceous Earth Food Grade 80g
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)45 Reviews
Diatomaceous Earth Food Grade is a food dietary Supplement that has numerous benefits to the human body. It is easy to use and can be used with food or water. It’s best to take on an empty stomach.
Farmate Knapsack Spayer (20lt)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)108 Reviews
Farmate Knapsack Sprayer is a general-purpose, lever-operated knapsack sprayer, suitable for a wide range of agricultural and horticultural spraying treatments.
3ply Lace Mask (50pcs)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)18 Reviews
The 3ply Lace Mask has Stylish Lace Patterns, Lacy Printed Cute Design Mask for Adult with Bendable Nose Clip, Breathable Soft, and Comfy.
Bactrolure + Lynfield Trap - Clear (tin + attractant/hormone)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)45 Reviews
This is the first fruit fly pheromone as a male attractant in Kenya, Bactrolure to manage the Bactrocera fruit fly complex.
Mos-N-Roach 100EC(100ml)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)63 Reviews
Mos-N-Roach 100EC is a public health insecticide/miticide for the control of flies, mosquitoes, bedbugs, fleas, houseflies, other crawling, and flying insects.
Bactroclure (1pc)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
This is the first fruit fly pheromone as a male attractant in Kenya. It targets the mango fly.
Agripest Organic 75EC Biopesticide 100ml
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Agripest Organic 75EC is a CONTACT Biopesticide. It requires thorough application on both the top and underside of the leaves to ensure that it comes into direct contact with the target pest to achieve the best results. The application rate is 3mls per liter of water.
Kenpoly Pedal Bin No.2 Red - 17 ltrs
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
Kenpoly Pedal Bin No.2 Red- 17 ltrs can store waste and is an ideal option when considering bins for waste collection.
Spirometer 500 SC 1L
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Spirometer 500 SC is a potent insecticide containing Spirotetramat, which disrupts feeding and growth in sucking pests like aphids, whiteflies, and mites. It prioritises crop safety, environmental sustainability, and integrated pest management.
Flower Dust Natural Agricultural Biopesticide 5kg
Rated 0 out of 5
0 ReviewsFlower Dust Natural Agricultural Biopesticide is a natural, powder-form insecticide designed to control a wide range of insects in the soil, such as Thrips, Cutworm, Termites, and Caterpillars, and on the soil surface. It contains 0.25% natural pyrethrum, making it ideal for farmers targeting residue-free crop production.
Hurricane 200 SL (1lt)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
Hurricane 200 SL is a broad-spectrum non-selective herbicide for the control of annual broadleaved weeds and grasses in maize, baby corn, sugarcane plantations, and non-cropped fields.
Roundup Turbo - 1ltr
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Roundup Turbo is the most economical and effective way to handle really widespread weed problems and delivers all the weed-control power you need to the root so they won’t come back.
Booster Foliar Fertilizer - 1ltr
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)45 Reviews
Booster Foliar Fertilizer is a foliar fertilizer containing high amounts of macronutrients as well as all necessary trace elements. It’s a premium quality suspension concentrate formulated using quality nutrient sources that is very safe to use.
12 X Fixie (500ml)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
Fixie is a broad spectrum disinfectant containing Glutaraldehyde 15% and Coco-benzyl-dimethyl ammonium chloride 12% for general use on surfaces and equipment.
Goliath Gel (35g)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)27 Reviews
Kill cockroaches with the fastest and most cost-effective gel bait treatment - Goliath Gel.
Dudu Spray (500ml)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Dudu Spray is a natural insect spray designed for use in the home and garden against mosquitoes, cockroaches, and ants.
Apron Star 42 WS
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Apron Star 42 WS is a seed treatment fungicide-insecticide mixture for controlling downy mildew, damping-off diseases as well as for the protection of seeds and seedlings against early-season insect pests and soil-borne diseases.
Auto Soap Dispenser 1L miBT
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)18 Reviews
This 1,000ML touchless Auto Soap Dispenser uses advanced infrared human body sensing technology to avoid secondary cross-infection.
Promax 20 EC (25ml)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)135 Reviews
Promax 20 EC was designed to be used by public health to control insects and pests. It provides cockroach control, bedbug control, flea control, and housefly control, ants control for residential homes, institutions, stores, restaurants, and office spaces.
Horiver by Koppert 10 Sticky Cards Wetstick Blue
Rated 0 out of 5
0 ReviewsHoriver by Koppert 10 Sticky Cards Wetstick Blue are double-sided sticky traps for the monitoring and trapping of flying insects and pests like leaf miner, whitefly, thrips, and fruit fly.
Nova Diatomaceous Earth Powder Organic & Non Toxic 1kg
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)63 Reviews
Use Diatomaceous Earth Insecticide Dust to eliminate insects at home. It dries out insects and they die of dehydration within 48 hours.
Diatomaceous Earth 10kg
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Use Diatomaceous Earth to eliminate crawling insects such as bed bugs, ants, cockroaches, ticks, lice, fleas, mites, and spiders around your home. It dries out insects and they die of dehydration within 48 hours.
Ariane (200ml)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Ariane is a selective post-emergent herbicide recommended for the control of a wide variety of broad-leaf weeds in wheat, barley, oats.
Timecarb 340 SC 50ml
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Timecarb 340 SC is a dual-action insecticide combining Indoxacarb and Thiamethoxam to provide fast and long-lasting control of cutworms, caterpillars, thrips, whiteflies, spider mites, and mealy bugs. It is specially designed to protect young plants and seedlings from early pest damage, ensuring healthy establishment and vigorous growth.
Face Shield (1pc)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
A lightweight, scratch-resistant, and reusable face shield with a padded headband for maximum safety and comfort.
Roundup 360K (1lt)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)54 Reviews
Roundup 360K is the most economical and effective way to handle really widespread weed problems and delivers all the weed-control power you need to the root so they won’t come back.
Agripest Organic 75EC 50ml
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Agripest Organic 75EC is a CONTACT Biopesticide. It requires thorough application on both the top and underside of the leaves to ensure that it comes into direct contact with the target pest to achieve the best results. The application rate is 3mls per liter of water.
Actellic 300CS (833ml)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)45 Reviews
Actellic 300CS Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS) programs provide up to one-year residual control of mosquitoes and other public health pests.
Face Shield (1pc)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)108 Reviews
A lightweight, scratch-resistant, and reusable face shield with a padded headband for maximum safety and comfort.
3ply Face Mask (50pcs)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
The 3ply Face Mask offers excellent protection to your respiratory system and is super easy to pack for convenience, travel, and commuting.
GreenBerg Knapsack Sprayer (16ltrs)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
The Greenberg pump is the most commonly used spray pump in the country and is a usual sight in many households and farms. It is the most durable, efficient, and least costly pump on the market.
Automatic Soap Dispenser (700ml)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
This 700ML touchless Automatic Soap Dispenser uses advanced infrared human body sensing technology to avoid secondary cross-infection.
Nova Diatomaceous Earth Powder 1kg
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
Use Diatomaceous Earth to eliminate crawling insects such as bed bugs, ants, slugs, caterpillars, snails, worms, beetles, cockroaches, ticks, lice, fleas, mites, and spiders around your home. It dries out insects and they die of dehydration within 48 hours.
Harris Powder Duster
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
The Harris Powder Duster is an easy-to-use hand duster that is great in a variety of settings. Its 6-inch fine-tip nozzle allows for precise application and spreads powder evenly and efficiently with minimal clogging. Great for use outdoors and indoors.
Agripest Organic 75EC 100ml
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Agripest Organic 75EC is a CONTACT Biopesticide. It requires thorough application on both the top and underside of the leaves to ensure that it comes into direct contact with the target pest to achieve the best results. The application rate is 3mls per liter of water.
Bactrocera Hormone/attractant
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Bactrocera-Block consists of a 5cm x 5cm wooden block impregnated with the attractant Methyl Eugenol and the contact insecticide Malathion.
Pyracopp 400 SC 250ml
Rated 0 out of 5
0 ReviewsPyracopp 400 SC is a fungicide formulation designed to target various fungal pathogens such as Puccinia spp./Rusts, Pyrenophora teres, and Septoria tritici, which commonly affect crops.
Flower Dust Natural Agricultural Biopesticide 20kg
Rated 0 out of 5
0 ReviewsFlower Dust Natural Agricultural Biopesticide is a natural, powder-form insecticide designed to control a wide range of insects in the soil, such as Thrips, Cutworm, Termites, and Caterpillars, and on the soil surface. It contains 0.25% natural pyrethrum, making it ideal for farmers targeting residue-free crop production.
Fly Catcher 1pc
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)18 Reviews
A flycatcher is a roll of the sticky paper strip for trapping and killing flies, mosquitoes, and other small flying insects.
Aquawet 15 SL (sticker)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)18 Reviews
Aquawet is a liquid agricultural wetter, spreader and sticker. It improves retention of spray on plant surfaces and enhances distribution of spray over plant foliage or area.
Agripest Organic 75EC 250ml
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Agripest Organic 75EC is a CONTACT Biopesticide. It requires thorough application on both the top and underside of the leaves to ensure that it comes into direct contact with the target pest to achieve the best results. The application rate is 3mls per liter of water.
Insecticide Chalk (Twin Luck) 5g
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
Twin Luck insecticide chalk is used in Public Health for control of Cockroaches, Lice and Ants.
Storm Secure Block (20g)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)225 Reviews
Storm Secure blocks are a highly potent anticoagulant rodenticide that is effective against both rats and mice, including resistant strains in homes and offices.
Icon 10CS (62.5ml)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Are you tired of mosquitoes, flies, roaches, fleas, ticks, ants? This is the perfect home solution for you. Icon 10 SC is a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide for the control of public health insects.
Mos-N-Roach 100EC(1lt)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)45 Reviews
Mos-N-Roach 100EC is a public health insecticide/miticide for the control of flies, mosquitoes, bedbugs, fleas, houseflies, other crawling, and flying insects.
Fog Smoke Machine (100ml)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)153 Reviews
This atomizing fog smoke machine is good to provide you a clean and disinfected environment. Simple operation makes it user-friendly.
Roachgon Cockroach Gel - 100gm
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)18 Reviews
Roachgon gel bait is a high-performing product targeting all prevailing cockroach species.
Cockroaches cannot resist this superior gel solution for home, restaurant and office use.
Digital Thermometer Curved Red
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)63 Reviews
A digital food thermometer is an easy and effective cooking tool to get the most accurate temperature in a matter of seconds. By using the food thermometer, you can ensure the perfect temp every time you're grilling or cooking and make your meal taste like it was prepared by a professional!
Nano Mist Sprayer (30ml transparent lid)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
Mini nano mist sprayer for disinfecting surfaces or deeply moisturizing your skin, portable for home and travel use.
Hi-Grow BFB 500g
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
HiGrow BFB is a consortium of organic inputs with plant growth promoters. It is a biological combination of a plant growth promoting herbal extracts and seaweed and a foliar feed fertilizer.
Powdered Latex Gloves (50pairs)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)45 Reviews
High quality powdered latex gloves for a wide range of tasks giving excellent hand and personal protection.
Actellic 25EC (1lt)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)54 Reviews
Actellic 25EC is an effective broad-spectrum insecticide for the control of mosquitoes, flies, ants, wasps, and cockroaches. It can also be used for ULV application or in thermal fogs.
Dudu Spray (1lt)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)27 Reviews
Dudu Spray is a natural insect spray designed for use in the home and garden against mosquitoes, cockroaches, and ants.
Roachgon Gel Dawa ya Mende - 100g
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
Roachgon gel bait is a high-performing product targeting all prevailing cockroach species.
Cockroaches cannot resist this superior gel solution for home, restaurant and office use.
Chali Dudu Dust (100g)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Chali Dudu Dust is a public health insecticide for the control of cockroaches, bed bugs, fleas, and ants in homes and offices.
Spirometer 500 SC 100ml
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Spirometer 500 SC is a potent insecticide containing Spirotetramat, which disrupts feeding and growth in sucking pests like aphids, whiteflies, and mites. It prioritises crop safety, environmental sustainability, and integrated pest management.
Jacto HD 400 Sprayer (20ltr)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
Jacto HD 400 Sprayer is an Ultra-comfortable, Lightweight, Robust and versatile Professional-grade Sprayer ideal for daily work.
Milk Booster BFB 250g
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
MILK BOOSTER BFB contains required supplements, Enzymes, Probiotics, minerals, and other chelated elements in the right amounts to improve and increase the productivity of the dairy cow.
Flower Dust Natural Agricultural Biopesticide 50kg
Rated 0 out of 5
0 ReviewsFlower Dust Natural Agricultural Biopesticide is a natural, powder-form insecticide designed to control a wide range of insects in the soil, such as Thrips, Cutworm, Termites, and Caterpillars, and on the soil surface. It contains 0.25% natural pyrethrum, making it ideal for farmers targeting residue-free crop production.
2,4-D Agromine 860 SL (1lt)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Agromine 860 SL is a broad spectrum selective systemic herbicide for the control of post-emergence broadleaf weeds in maize, rice and wheat fields and non-cropped areas like lawns.
Timecarb 340 SC 1L
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Timecarb 340 SC is a dual-action insecticide combining Indoxacarb and Thiamethoxam to provide fast and long-lasting control of cutworms, caterpillars, thrips, whiteflies, spider mites, and mealy bugs. It is specially designed to protect young plants and seedlings from early pest damage, ensuring healthy establishment and vigorous growth.
Bactrocera Hormone/attractant
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
Bactrocera-Block consists of a 5cm x 5cm wooden block impregnated with the attractant Methyl Eugenol and the contact insecticide Malathion.
Jacto HD 400 Sprayer (16ltrs)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)81 Reviews
Jacto HD 400 Sprayer is an Ultra-comfortable, Lightweight, Robust and versatile Professional-grade Sprayer ideal for daily work.
Sevin Pet Dust (200g)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Sevin pet dust is broad-spectrum insecticide dust for the control of ticks and fleas on cats and dogs.
Nano Mist Sprayer (30ml transparent lid)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Mini nano mist sprayer for disinfecting surfaces or deeply moisturizing your skin, portable for home and travel use.
Pyracopp 400 SC 100ml
Rated 0 out of 5
0 ReviewsPyracopp 400 SC is a fungicide formulation designed to target various fungal pathogens such as Puccinia spp./Rusts, Pyrenophora teres, and Septoria tritici, which commonly affect crops.
Multi-NPK (1kg)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)45 Reviews
Multi-npK 13-2-44 is what you need to boost plants during the flowering and fruiting stages.
Green Leaf (5g)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Easily control all types of cockroaches in the most effective way using Green Leaf Cockroach Killing Bait. Unlike other pesticides, Killing Bait has an attractive smell and is especially unique as it does not kill roaches immediately on contact. It gives it enough time to carry the bait to its hiding place where it infects other roaches and their eggs consequently killing the whole colony.
Bactrolure + Lynfield Trap - Yellow (tin + attractant/hormone)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)45 Reviews
This is the first fruit fly pheromone as a male attractant in Kenya, Bactrolure to manage the Bactrocera fruit fly complex.
Ceylon Onion Seeds
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Diatomaceous Earth Feed 5kg
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)27 Reviews
Diatomaceous earth is a non-toxic natural substance. It’s made from crushed fossils of freshwater organisms and marine life. Through a microscope, the particles look like bits of broken glass.
Diatomaceous earth is deadly to any insect, yet completely harmless to animals. It can kill fleas, ticks, lice or mites on your dog.It doesn’t poison insects or paralyze them like some pharmaceutical products do. The way it works is purely mechanical.
When the razor-sharp particles touch the pests, they pierce the insects’ protective coating. So the bugs quickly dehydrate and die. The particles affect larvae in the same way.
Bactrocera-Block (tin + attractant/hormone)
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)18 Reviews
Bactrocera-Block consists of a 5cm x 5cm wooden block impregnated with the attractant Methyl Eugenol and the contact insecticide Malathion.
Fog Smoke Machine (100ml)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
This atomizing fog smoke machine is good to provide you a clean and disinfected environment. Simple operation makes it user-friendly.
Timecarb 340 SC 25ml
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Timecarb 340 SC is a dual-action insecticide combining Indoxacarb and Thiamethoxam to provide fast and long-lasting control of cutworms, caterpillars, thrips, whiteflies, spider mites, and mealy bugs. It is specially designed to protect young plants and seedlings from early pest damage, ensuring healthy establishment and vigorous growth.
Nova Diatomaceous Earth Powder (Organic and Non-Toxic) 1kg
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)9 Reviews
Use Diatomaceous Earth to eliminate crawling insects such as bed bugs, ants, slugs, caterpillars, snails, worms, beetles, cockroaches, ticks, lice, fleas, mites, and spiders around your home. It dries out insects and they die of dehydration within 48 hours.
ULV Fogger 5L
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)72 Reviews
The ULV Fogger is a lightweight, robust and electric portable cold fogger ideal for daily disinfection and fumigation work.
Timecarb 340 SC 100ml
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Timecarb 340 SC is a dual-action insecticide combining Indoxacarb and Thiamethoxam to provide fast and long-lasting control of cutworms, caterpillars, thrips, whiteflies, spider mites, and mealy bugs. It is specially designed to protect young plants and seedlings from early pest damage, ensuring healthy establishment and vigorous growth.
Powder Free Latex Gloves (50pairs)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
High quality powder free latex gloves for a wide range of tasks giving excellent hand and personal protection.
Layers Pro-BFB (100g)
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Antibiotic-free feeding (ABF) programs is not only an antibiotics reduction or replacement strategy, but a comprehensive program that includes strengthening of biosecurity measures and progressive inclusion of feed additives alongside pharmaceutical components, such as such as vaccines, enzymes, acidifiers, phytogenics, probiotics and prebiotics in order to enhance immune system capacity to face challenges on the field.
Pyracopp 400 SC 1L
Rated 0 out of 5
0 ReviewsPyracopp 400 SC is a fungicide formulation designed to target various fungal pathogens such as Puccinia spp./Rusts, Pyrenophora teres, and Septoria tritici, which commonly affect crops.
Auto Foaming Soap Dispenser - 250ml
Rated 5.00 out of 5
(5.00)126 ReviewsThis is an automatic foaming soap dispenser device with an infrared motion sensor for hands-free soap or disinfectant dispensing in bathrooms and Kitchens.
BlackGold-BFB 1kg
Rated 0 out of 5
0 Reviews
Blackgold-BFB is an organic fertilizer produced naturally by microbial degradation of dead biological substances. Its specific properties and structure depend on a given sample source, from water or soil, to extract the specific conditions.